1. Fibrous Roots
Characteristics:
- Fibrous roots consist of many thin roots that are roughly the same size.
- These roots grow from the base of the stem and there is no single dominant main root.
- The roots spread out widely and mostly grow sideways near the soil surface.
- They have many short, fine root branches.
- Usually found close to the surface of the soil.
Functions:
- Absorb water and nutrients from the upper soil layers.
- Help stabilize the soil and prevent erosion.
- Allow the plant to quickly absorb small amounts of water.
Examples of Plants:
- Grass
- Rice
- Corn (Maize)
- Oil palm
Advantages:
- Prevents soil erosion due to wide root spread.
- Quickly absorbs water after rainfall.
2. Taproots
Characteristics:
- Taproots have one large, thick main root that grows straight down.
- Smaller lateral roots branch out from this main root vertically or horizontally.
- The main root is thicker and more dominant than its branches.
- Taproots can grow very deep into the soil.
Functions:
- Absorb water from deeper soil layers.
- Support the plant firmly in the ground.
- Store food and nutrients in the main root (storage root).
Examples of Plants:
- Beans
- Carrots
- Mango trees
- Durian trees
Advantages:
- Able to access water deep in the soil during dry seasons.
- Storage roots help the plant survive in poor nutrient conditions.
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